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The EU is set to charge Facebook’s parent Meta with breaking the bloc’s landmark digital rules, only a week after it pressed a similar case against Apple.
The European Commission, the EU’s executive body, is exercising new powers granted by the Digital Markets Act — legislation aimed at improving consumer choice and opening up markets for European start-ups to flourish.
The tech giants had to comply from March this year.
In preliminary findings to be issued this week, regulators will say that they are worried about Meta’s “pay or consent” model, said three people with direct knowledge of the matter. Facebook and Instagram users can currently opt to use the social networks for free while consenting to data collection, or pay not to have their data shared.
The regulators are expected to say that the choice presented by Meta’s model risks giving consumers a false alternative, with the financial barrier potentially forcing them to consent to their personal data being tracked for advertising purposes. A person familiar with the EU’s thinking said consumers needed to receive “an equivalent offer”.
Under the new rules, tech giants must gain consent from users “when they intend to combine or cross-use their personal data across different core platform services”, the EU said in March, when it opened compliance investigations against Meta and other tech giants.
The European Commission declined to comment. Meta did not immediately respond to a request for comment.
If found in breach of the act, Meta faces hefty penalties of up to 10 per cent of its global turnover, and up to 20 per cent for any repeat offence. The EU’s preliminary findings have to be finalised within one year from the start of its official investigation in March.
Margrethe Vestager, the bloc’s executive vice-president in charge of digital policy, said last week she found it “surprising” that some of the world’s largest companies “do not take compliance as a badge of honour”.
She said: “We are dealing with the biggest and most valuable companies on the planet. The DMA is not an excessive ask. [It] is plain vanilla to ask for a fair, open and contestable marketplace.”
Last Monday, the EU accused Apple of harming innovation on its App Store, the first time it had used its new powers against a tech giant. Regulators said they were worried about restrictions the iPhone maker was imposing on developers’ ability to “freely steer their customers” by directing them to promotions outside its ecosystem. Apple has denied any wrongdoing.
The allegations against Meta this week would show Brussels is keen to be seen as moving quickly against alleged anti-competitive behaviour, analysts said.
“Big Tech is a priority for Brussels,” said an antitrust lawyer, who did not wish to be named. “There is an acknowledgment that the enforcement of traditional competition law has been slow and somewhat ineffective.”
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